Use base consonants only
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Labial
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Coronal
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Dorsal
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Radical
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Laryngeal
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Bilabial
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Labio-dental
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Dental
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Alveolar
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Palato-alveolar
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Retroflex
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Palatal
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Velar
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Uvular
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Pharyngeal
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Epi-glottal
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Glottal
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Plosive
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b | *t | *d | k | ɡ |
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Affricates
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dʒ |
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Nasal
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m | *n | ŋ |
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Trill
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*r |
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Tap, Flap
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Lateral flap
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Fricative
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Sibilant fricatives
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*s |
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Lateral fricative
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Approximant
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Lateral approximant
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*l |
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Front |
Near-front |
Central |
Near-back |
Back |
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| Selected languages: | Nera |
| UPSID number: | 4212 |
| Alternate name(s): | N/A |
| Classification: | Nilo-Saharan, E. Sudanic |
| The languages has | 22 segments |
| Frequency index: | N/A |
| Sounds: | [b] [*t] [*d] [k] [ɡ] [*s] [ʃ] [f] [dʒ] [*r] [*l] [w] [j] [m] [*n] [ŋ] [i] [u] [e̞] [o̞] [ä] [h] |
| Comments: | All vowels also occur long, and gemination of consonants is distinctive. "At least two significant tones occur" (Thompson). Voiced prenasalized stops occur and velars also occur labialized. Thompson treats these as sequences but does not provide a reasoning. Bender (1968) notes that these are among a longer list of word-medial clusters. |
| Sources: | Bender, M.L. 1968. Analysis of a Barya word list. Anthropological Linguistics 10.9:1-24. Thompson, E.D. 1976. Nera. In M.L. Bender (ed.), The Non-Semitic Languages of Ethiopia. African Studies Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing: 484-94. |