Use base consonants only
View positions
|
Labial
|
Coronal
|
Dorsal
|
Radical
|
Laryngeal
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Bilabial
|
Labio-dental
|
Dental
|
Alveolar
|
Palato-alveolar
|
Retroflex
|
Palatal
|
Velar
|
Uvular
|
Pharyngeal
|
Epi-glottal
|
Glottal
|
|||||||||||||
Plosive
|
p pʰ | t tʰ | k kʰ |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Affricates
|
ts tsʰ | ʈʂ ʈʂʰ | cç cçʰ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Nasal
|
m | n | ŋ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Trill
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
Tap, Flap
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral flap
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Fricative
|
f | s | ʂ | ɕ | χ | |||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
Approximant
|
ɻ | j ɥ | w | |||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant
|
|
|
|
|
l |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front |
Near-front |
Central |
Near-back |
Back |
|||
Close |
|||||||
Near-close | |||||||
Close-mid | |||||||
Mid | |||||||
Open-mid | |||||||
Near-open | |||||||
Open |
Front |
Near-front |
Central |
Near-back |
Back |
|||
Close |
|||||||
Near-close | |||||||
Close-mid | |||||||
Mid | |||||||
Open-mid | |||||||
Near-open | |||||||
Open |
Use base consonants only
CC, onset
CC, onset (ordered by sonority)
CC, coda
CC, coda (ordered by sonority)
CCC, onset
CCC, onset (ordered by sonority)
CCC, coda
CCC, coda (ordered by sonority)
CCCC, onset
CCCC, onset (ordered by sonority)
CCCC, coda
CCCC, coda (ordered by sonority)
CCCCC, onset
CCCCC, onset (ordered by sonority)
CCCCC, coda
CCCCC, coda (ordered by sonority)
Selected languages: | Mandarin |
UPSID number: | 2500 |
Alternate name(s): | N/A |
Classification: | Sino-Tibetan, Sinitic |
The languages has | 42 segments |
Frequency index: | N/A |
Sounds: | [pʰ] [p] [tʰ] [t] [kʰ] [k] [ʂ] [ɕ] [f] [χ] [ʈʂʰ] [ʈʂ] [cçʰ] [cç] [ts] [ɥ] [w] [j] [m] [n] [ŋ] [y] [i] [u] [ɤ̟] [ɚ] [i̤ä̤] [ä] [s] [ie] [uä] [ɻ] [uo̞] [ye] [uə] [iu] [ei] [äu] [ai] [o̞u] [l] [tsʰ] |
Comments: | Mandarin is spoken in all of north of Changjiang River, a belt south of the Changjian from Qiujiang (Jiangxi) to Zhenjiang (jiangsu), Hubei except the southeastern corner Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, the northwestern part of Guangxi and the northwestern corner of Hunan. |
Sources: | Chao, Y-R. 1968. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. University of California Press, Berkeley. Cheng, C-C. 1973. A Synchronic Phonology of Mandarin Chinese. Mouton, The Hague. Dow, F.D.M. 1972. An Outline of Mandarin Phonetics. Faculty of Asian Studies, Australian National University, Canberra. (Hanyu Fangyan Gaiyao) 1960. [Outline of Chinese Dialects]. Wenzi Gaige Chubanshe, Beijing. Karllgren, B. 1915-26. Etudes sur la phonologie Chinoise. Archives d'Etudes Orientales 15: 294-297. |