Use base consonants only
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Labial
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Coronal
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Dorsal
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Radical
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Laryngeal
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Bilabial
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Labio-dental
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Dental
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Alveolar
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Palato-alveolar
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Retroflex
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Palatal
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Velar
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Uvular
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Pharyngeal
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Epi-glottal
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Glottal
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Plosive
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p pʲ | t | c | k kʷ |
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ʔ |
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Nasal
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m mʲ | n | ɲ | ŋ ŋʷ |
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Trill
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Tap, Flap
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Lateral flap
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Fricative
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s | ç | χ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative
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Approximant
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j | w | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant
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l lʲ |
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Front |
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Central |
Near-back |
Back |
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Open |
Selected languages: | Kam |
UPSID number: | 2404 |
Alternate name(s): | N/A |
Classification: | Austro-Tai, Li-Kam-Tai |
The languages has | 27 segments |
Frequency index: | N/A |
Sounds: | [pʲ] [p] [t] [c] [kʷ] [k] [ʔ] [s] [ç] [χ] [lʲ] [l] [w] [j] [mʲ] [m] [n] [ɲ] [ŋʷ] [ŋ] [i] [u] [e̞] [ə] [o̞] [ɐ] [ä] |
Comments: | Zhanglu dialect. Kam is spoken in an area overlapping the shared borders of Guizhou, Guangxi, and Hunan provinces of China. There are 9 tones in non-checked syllables; 6 of these are level or falling (55, 11, 323, 31, 53, 33). The other 3 have rising onsets (35, 13, 453) and condition aspiration in stop-initial syllables (including /?/). Six tones occur in checked syllables, of which two (35, 13) condition aspiration. Checked tones 55, 35, 21 are short and checked tones 323, 13, 31 are long. The raised low and mid central vowels only occur with a coda (nasal or stop after mid central, nasal or glide after low central). /j/ occurs after low or back vowels, /w/ after low or front vowels. |
Sources: | Zheng Guoqiao and Yang Quan. 1988. The sounds of Rongjiang Kam. In J.A. Edmondson and D.B. Solnit (eds.), Comparative Kadai: Linguistic Studies Beyond Tai. Summer Institute of Linguistics and University of Texas, Arlington: 43-58. |