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Use base consonants only
Labial
Coronal
Dorsal
Radical
Laryngeal
Bilabial
Labio-dental
Dental
Alveolar
Palato-alveolar
Retroflex
Palatal
Velar
Uvular
Pharyngeal
Epi-glottal
Glottal
Plosive
 p pʲ           t           c   k kʷ      
 
 
 
 
 ʔ
 
Nasal
   m mʲ           n           ɲ   ŋ ŋʷ    
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trill
                            
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
Tap, Flap
                                                
Lateral flap
 
 
 
 
                    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fricative
             s           ç       χ              
Lateral fricative
 
 
 
 
                            
 
 
 
 
 
 
Approximant
                           j   w                
Lateral approximant
 
 
 
 
       l lʲ                    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Front
Near-front
Central
Near-back
Back
 
Close
Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open
Selected languages: Kam
UPSID number: 2404
Alternate name(s): N/A
Classification: Austro-Tai, Li-Kam-Tai
The languages has 27 segments
Frequency index: N/A
Sounds: [pʲ] [p] [t] [c] [kʷ] [k] [ʔ] [s] [ç] [χ] [lʲ] [l] [w] [j] [mʲ] [m] [n] [ɲ] [ŋʷ] [ŋ] [i] [u] [e̞] [ə] [o̞] [ɐ] [ä]
Comments: Zhanglu dialect. Kam is spoken in an area overlapping the shared borders of Guizhou, Guangxi, and Hunan provinces of China. There are 9 tones in non-checked syllables; 6 of these are level or falling (55, 11, 323, 31, 53, 33). The other 3 have rising onsets (35, 13, 453) and condition aspiration in stop-initial syllables (including /?/). Six tones occur in checked syllables, of which two (35, 13) condition aspiration. Checked tones 55, 35, 21 are short and checked tones 323, 13, 31 are long. The raised low and mid central vowels only occur with a coda (nasal or stop after mid central, nasal or glide after low central). /j/ occurs after low or back vowels, /w/ after low or front vowels.
Sources: Zheng Guoqiao and Yang Quan. 1988. The sounds of Rongjiang Kam. In J.A. Edmondson and D.B. Solnit (eds.), Comparative Kadai: Linguistic Studies Beyond Tai. Summer Institute of Linguistics and University of Texas, Arlington: 43-58.