Use base consonants only
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Labial
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Coronal
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Dorsal
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Radical
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Laryngeal
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Bilabial
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Labio-dental
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Dental
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Alveolar
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Palato-alveolar
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Retroflex
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Palatal
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Velar
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Uvular
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Pharyngeal
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Epi-glottal
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Glottal
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Plosive
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p | ⁿb | t | ⁿd | k kʲ kʷ | ⁿɡ |
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ʔ |
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Affricates
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ts | tʃ |
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Nasal
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m | n |
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Trill
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r |
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Tap, Flap
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Lateral flap
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Fricative
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β | s | ʃ | h | ||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative
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Approximant
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Lateral approximant
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Front |
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Central |
Near-back |
Back |
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Open |
Selected languages: | Amuzgo |
UPSID number: | 6770 |
Alternate name(s): | N/A |
Classification: | N. American, Oto-Manguean |
The languages has | 37 segments |
Frequency index: | N/A |
Sounds: | [ⁿb] [p] [ⁿd] [t] [ⁿd̠] [t̠] [kʷ] [kʲ] [ⁿɡ] [k] [ʔ] [s] [ʃ] [β] [ts] [tʃ] [ɾ] [r] [l] [w] [j] [m] [n] [n̠] [ẽ̞] [õ] [æ̃] [ä̃] [ɒ̃] [i] [u] [e̞] [o̞] [æ] [ä] [ɒ] [h] |
Comments: | Amuzgo contrasts ballistic and controlled syllables. Ballistic syllables have sharply falling pitch and amplitude contours. It also has three level tones and high-low, mid-high and low-mid contour tones. The prenasalized stops are described as occluded (post-stopped) nasals with a "lenis" homorganic stop. They contrast with nasal + stop sequences. A possible analysis (not among those suggested by Bauernschmidt) is to treat these as allophones of the plain nasals before oral vowels since the oral/nasalized vowel contrast is neutralized after a nasal. This would mean that a velar nasal would only occur before an oral vowel, so it is not accepted here. Bilabials and t,n are described as velarized. |
Sources: | Bauernschmidt, A. 1965. Amuzgo syllable dynamics. Language 41: 471-483. Longacre, R.E. 1966. On linguistic affinities of Amuzgo. International Journal of American Linguistics 32: 46-49. |