Select languages to compare:

Use base consonants only
Labial
Coronal
Dorsal
Radical
Laryngeal
Bilabial
Labio-dental
Dental
Alveolar
Palato-alveolar
Retroflex
Palatal
Velar
Uvular
Pharyngeal
Epi-glottal
Glottal
Plosive
 p pʰ b b̤         t   tʰ   d   d̤       ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖ̤     k kʰ ɡ ɡʰ      
 
 
 
 
  
 
Affricates
             ts tsʰ dz ts̤                    
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nasal
   m           n                 ŋ    
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trill
                            
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
Tap, Flap
               ɾ                                
Lateral flap
 
 
 
 
                    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fricative
             s                               h  
Lateral fricative
 
 
 
 
                            
 
 
 
 
 
 
Approximant
                                                
Lateral approximant
 
 
 
 
       l                    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Front
Near-front
Central
Near-back
Back
 
Close
Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open
Selected languages: Nepali
UPSID number: 2023
Alternate name(s): N/A
Classification: Indo-European, Indic
The languages has 39 segments
Frequency index: N/A
Sounds: [pʰ] [p] [b̤] [b] [t̪ʰ] [t̪] [d̪̤] [d̪] [ʈʰ] [ʈ] [ɖ̤] [ɖ] [kʰ] [k] [ɡʱ] [ɡ] [s] [tsʰ] [ts] [ts̤] [dz] [ɾ] [l] [m] [n̪] [ŋ] [ĩ] [ũ] [ẽ̞] [ə̃] [õ] [ä̃] [i] [u] [e̞] [ə] [o̞] [ä] [h]
Comments: Nearly all sequences of the six oral vowels are reported; syllabification of such sequences seems to be variable. Nasalized nonlow vowels are less clearly contrastive than the low one -- some words show variation between final nasalized vowel and final nasal consonant.
Sources: Bandhu, C.M., Dahal, B.M., Holzhausen, A., Hale, A. 1971. Nepali Segmental Phonology. Summer Institute of Linguistics, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur.