Use base consonants only
View positions
|
Labial
|
Coronal
|
Dorsal
|
Radical
|
Laryngeal
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Bilabial
|
Labio-dental
|
Dental
|
Alveolar
|
Palato-alveolar
|
Retroflex
|
Palatal
|
Velar
|
Uvular
|
Pharyngeal
|
Epi-glottal
|
Glottal
|
|||||||||||||
Plosive
|
pʰ | b | tʰ | d | kʰ | ɡ | qʰ |
|
|
|
|
ʔ |
|
|||||||||||
Ejective stops
|
pʼ | tʼ | kʼ | qʼ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
Affricates
|
dz | tʃʰ | dʒ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Sibilant affricates
|
t̪s̪ʰ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
Ejective affricates
|
t̪s̪ʼ | tʃʼ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Nasal
|
m | n |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Trill
|
r |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
Tap, Flap
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral flap
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
Fricative
|
ɸ | β | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | χ | ʁ | ħ | h | ||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricatives
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative
|
|
|
|
|
ɬ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Approximant
|
j | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant
|
|
|
|
|
l |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front |
Near-front |
Central |
Near-back |
Back |
|||
Close |
|||||||
Near-close | |||||||
Close-mid | |||||||
Mid | |||||||
Open-mid | |||||||
Near-open | |||||||
Open |
Selected languages: | Bats |
UPSID number: | 2604 |
Alternate name(s): | N/A |
Classification: | Caucasian, Caucasian |
The languages has | 45 segments |
Frequency index: | N/A |
Sounds: | [99] [pʰ] [b] [t̪ʰ] [d̪] [kʰ] [ɡ] [qʰ] [ʔ] [pʼ] [tʼ] [kʼ] [qʼ] [ɬ] [s̪] [z̪] [ʃ] [ʒ] [ɸ] [β] [χ] [ʁ] [ħ] [t̪s̪ʰ] [d̪z̪] [tʃʰ] [dʒ] [t̪s̪ʼ] [tʃʼ] [r] [l] [j] [m] [n] [ĩ] [ũ] [ẽ] [õ] [ɑ̃] [i] [u] [o] [ɛ] [ɑ] [h] |
Comments: | Bats is spoken in the Akhmetsk region of northern Georgia, USSR. Nasalized vowels only occur in a few inflectional endings but contrast with vowel + nasal. Desheriev (1953) also notes 3 long vowels but at least some examples are clearly just juxtapositions of two separate vowels. Similarly the diphthongs he reports seem to be a sequence of two adjacent vowels. Especially restricted are the "nasalized diphthongs" which all end in nasalized 'i' and occur only in inflectional endings. |
Sources: | Desheriev, J.D. 1953. Batsbijskij Jazyk. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow. |