Select languages to compare:

Use base consonants only
Labial
Coronal
Dorsal
Radical
Laryngeal
Bilabial
Labio-dental
Dental
Alveolar
Palato-alveolar
Retroflex
Palatal
Velar
Uvular
Pharyngeal
Epi-glottal
Glottal
Plosive
 p pʰ b b̤         *t *tʰ *d *d̤             k kʰ ɡ ɡʰ      
 
 
 
 
  
 
Affricates
                 tʃ tʃʰ dʒ tʃ̤                
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nasal
   m m̤           *n *n̤ n     n̠̤           ŋ ŋ̤    
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trill
                            
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
Tap, Flap
                                                
Lateral flap
 
 
 
 
                    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fricative
     f v v̤         ʃ ʒ ʒ̤                            
Lateral fricative
 
 
 
 
                            
 
 
 
 
 
 
Approximant
                                                
Lateral approximant
 
 
 
 
       *l *l̤ l     l̠̤                
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Front
Near-front
Central
Near-back
Back
 
Close
Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open
 
Front
Near-front
Central
Near-back
Back
 
Close
Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open
Selected languages: Parauk
UPSID number: 2309
Alternate name(s): N/A
Classification: Austro-Asiatic, Palaungic
The languages has 77 segments
Frequency index: N/A
Sounds: [pʰ] [p] [b̤] [b] [*tʰ] [*t] [*d̤] [*d] [kʰ] [k] [ɡʱ] [ɡ] [ʃ] [ʒ̤] [ʒ] [f] [v̤] [v] [tʃʰ] [tʃ] [tʃ̤] [dʒ] [*l̤] [*l] [l̠̤] [l̠] [m̤] [m] [*n̤] [*n] [n̠̤] [n̠] [ŋ̤] [ŋ] [i̤] [i] [ṳ] [u] [ɯ̤] [ɯ] [e̤] [e] [o̤] [o] [ɤ̤] [ɤ] [ɛ̤] [ɛ] [ɔ̤] [ɔ] [ä̤] [ä] [o̤i̤] [ɤ̤i̤] [ɤi] [io̞] [o̞i] [ɔ̤i̤] [ɔi] [i̤ɛ̤] [iɛ] [i̤ä̤] [iä] [ä̤i̤] [äi] [ä̤ṳ] [äu] [ṳä̤] [uä] [ä̤ɯ̤] [äɯ] [i̤ṳ] [iu] [ṳi̤] [ui] [ɯ̤i̤] [ɯi]
Comments: Parawk is spoken in Shan state, Upper Salween River area in Burma and also in China. According to Qui et al (1980) in the Yanshi dialect of Parauk the lax (breathy) vowels and diphthongs may occur with aspirated or breathy consonants but plain vowels only occur with plain voiced and voiceless consonants. No clear data is available to determine the mono- or bisegmental nature of consonants.
Sources: Diffloth, G. 1980. The Wa Languages. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, vol. 5, no. 2. Maddieson, I., Ladefoged, P. 1985. "Tense" and "lax" in four minority languages of China. Journal of Phonetics 13:433-454. Qiu Efeng, Li Daoyong, Nie Xizhen. 1980. Wayu gaikuang (A brief description of the Va/Wa language). Minzu Yuwen, 1 (Feb): 58-69.