Use base consonants only
View positions
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Labial
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Coronal
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Dorsal
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Radical
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Laryngeal
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Bilabial
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Labio-dental
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Dental
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Alveolar
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Palato-alveolar
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Retroflex
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Palatal
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Velar
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Uvular
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Pharyngeal
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Epi-glottal
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Glottal
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Plosive
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p | t tʰ | c | k |
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ʔ |
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Implosives
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ɓ | ɗ |
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Nasal
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m | n | ɲ | ŋ |
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Trill
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Tap, Flap
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Lateral flap
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Fricative
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f | v | s | z | x | ɣ | h | |||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative
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Approximant
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ɹ | j | w | |||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant
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l |
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Front |
Near-front |
Central |
Near-back |
Back |
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Close-mid | |||||||
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Open-mid | |||||||
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Open |
Front |
Near-front |
Central |
Near-back |
Back |
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Close |
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Near-close | |||||||
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Near-open | |||||||
Open |
Use base consonants only
CC, onset
CC, onset (ordered by sonority)
CC, coda
CC, coda (ordered by sonority)
CCC, onset
CCC, onset (ordered by sonority)
CCC, coda
CCC, coda (ordered by sonority)
CCCC, onset
CCCC, onset (ordered by sonority)
CCCC, coda
CCCC, coda (ordered by sonority)
CCCCC, onset
CCCCC, onset (ordered by sonority)
CCCCC, coda
CCCCC, coda (ordered by sonority)
Selected languages: | Vietnamese |
UPSID number: | 2303 |
Alternate name(s): | N/A |
Classification: | Austro-Asiatic, Vietmuong |
The languages has | 37 segments |
Frequency index: | N/A |
Sounds: | [p] [t̪ʰ] [t̪] [c] [k] [ʔ] [ɓ] [ɗ] [s] [z] [f] [v] [x] [ɣ] [l̪] [w] [j] [m] [n̪] [ɲ] [ŋ] [ɪ] [ʊ] [ɯ̞] [e] [o] [ɤ] [ɛ] [ɔ] [ʌ] [ɐ] [ä] [iʌ] [uʌ] [ɯʌ] [h] [ɹ] |
Comments: | Vietnamese is spoken primarily in Vietnam. Vietnamese (of Hanoi) has six tones distinguished by level, contour and laryngeal features. /p/ only occurs finally and can be analyzed as an allophone of implosive /b/, but no general rule that voiced initials pair with voiceless final stops can be formulated. Vowels in open syllables are followed by a consonantal offglide (/j/ after /i, e/ etc.). /j, w/ can follow most vowels, when no other consonant may appear, but some final consonants can follow the diphthongs with a low final element. |
Sources: | Canh, N-p. 1974. A contribution to the phonological interpretation of the diphthongs in modern Vietnamese. Acta Universitatis Carolinae-Philologica. Phonetica Pregensia IV: 133-142. Thompson, L.C. 1965. A Vietnamese Grammar. University of Washington Press, Seattle. |