Use base consonants only
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View positions
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Labial
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Coronal
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Dorsal
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Radical
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Laryngeal
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Bilabial
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Labio-dental
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Dental
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Alveolar
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Palato-alveolar
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Retroflex
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Palatal
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Velar
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Uvular
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Pharyngeal
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Epi-glottal
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Glottal
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Plosive
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p pʰ | b b̤ | t̪ t̪ʰ | d̪ d̪̤ | ʈ ʈʰ | ɖ ɖ̤ | k kʰ | ɡ ɡʱ | q |
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ʔ |
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Affricates
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tʃ tʃʰ | dʒ tʃ̤ |
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Nasal
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m m̤ | n̪ n̪̤ |
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Trill
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*r |
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Tap, Flap
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Lateral flap
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Fricative
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f | *z | ʃ | ʒ | χ | ʁ | ɦ | |||||||||||||||||
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Sibilant fricatives
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*s |
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Lateral fricative
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Approximant
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β̞ | j | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Lateral approximant
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*l *l̤ |
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Front |
Near-front |
Central |
Near-back |
Back |
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Near-close | |||||||
Close-mid | |||||||
Mid | |||||||
Open-mid | |||||||
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Open | |||||||
| Selected languages: | Hindi-urdu |
| UPSID number: | 2016 |
| Alternate name(s): | N/A |
| Classification: | Indo-European, Indic |
| The languages has | 61 segments |
| Frequency index: | N/A |
| Sounds: | [pʰ] [p] [b̤] [b] [t̪ʰ] [t̪] [d̪̤] [d̪] [ʈʰ] [ʈ] [ɖ̤] [ɖ] [kʰ] [k] [ɡʱ] [ɡ] [q] [ʔ] [*s] [*z] [ʃ] [ʒ] [f] [χ] [ʁ] [tʃʰ] [tʃ] [tʃ̤] [dʒ] [ɽ̃] [*r] [*l̤] [*l] [β̞] [j] [m̤] [m] [n̪̤] [n̪] [ɪ̃] [ĩː] [ʊ̃] [ũː] [ẽː] [õː] [ɛ̃] [ɜ̃] [ɔ̃] [ä̃ː] [ɪ] [iː] [ʊ] [uː] [eː] [oː] [ɛ] [ɜ] [ɔ] [æː] [äː] [ɦ] |
| Comments: | All (or almost all) consonants appear geminate. |
| Sources: | Kelkar, A.R. 1968. Studies in Hindi-Urdu I: Introduction Ohala, M. 1983. Aspects of Hindi Phonology. Motilal Pinnow, H-J. 1953. Zeitschrift fur Phonetik und Allgemeine Srivastava, N. 1969. Review of Kelkar, A.R. Studies in Vermeer, H.J. and Sharma, A. 1966. Hindi-Lautlehre. |