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View positions
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Labial
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Coronal
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Dorsal
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Radical
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Laryngeal
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Bilabial
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Labio-dental
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Dental
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Alveolar
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Palato-alveolar
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Retroflex
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Palatal
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Velar
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Uvular
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Pharyngeal
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Epi-glottal
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Glottal
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Plosive
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p pː pːː | t tʲ tʲː tʲːː tː tːː | k kː kːː |
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Nasal
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m mː mːː | n nʲ nʲː nʲːː nː nːː |
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Trill
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r rː rːː |
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Tap, Flap
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Lateral flap
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Fricative
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f fː fːː | v vː vːː | s sʲ sʲː sʲːː sː sːː | ʃ ʃː ʃːː | h hː hːː | |||||||||||||||||||
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Lateral fricative
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Approximant
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j jː jːː | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Lateral approximant
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l lʲ lʲː lʲːː lː lːː |
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Front |
Near-front |
Central |
Near-back |
Back |
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Close |
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Near-close | |||||||
Close-mid | |||||||
Mid | |||||||
Open-mid | |||||||
Near-open | |||||||
Open | |||||||
Front |
Near-front |
Central |
Near-back |
Back |
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Close |
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Near-close | |||||||
Close-mid | |||||||
Mid | |||||||
Open-mid | |||||||
Near-open | |||||||
Open | |||||||
CC, onset
CC, onset (ordered by sonority)
CC, coda
CC, coda (ordered by sonority)
CCC, onset
CCC, onset (ordered by sonority)
CCC, coda
CCC, coda (ordered by sonority)
CCCC, onset
CCCC, onset (ordered by sonority)
CCCC, coda
CCCC, coda (ordered by sonority)
CCCCC, onset
CCCCC, onset (ordered by sonority)
CCCCC, coda
CCCCC, coda (ordered by sonority)
| Selected languages: | Estonian_AntonMalmi |
| Alternate name(s): | N/A |
| Classification: | Ural-Altaic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic |
| The languages has | 122 segments |
| Frequency index: | N/A |
| Sounds: | [tʲː] [p] [ʃːː] [ʃː] [k] [mː] [s] [sʲ] [f] [v] [r] [lː] [j] [m] [nːː] [rː] [y] [i] [u] [ø] [o] [e] [æ] [ɑ] [h] [pː] [ʃ] [kː] [kːː] [tʲːː] [tʲ] [pːː] [mːː] [nː] [n] [nʲːː] [nʲ] [nʲː] [rːː] [fː] [vː] [fːː] [vːː] [sː] [sːː] [sʲː] [sʲːː] [hː] [hːː] [lːː] [l] [lʲːː] [lʲː] [lʲ] [jː] [jːː] [t] [tː] [tːː] [iː] [iːː] [yː] [yːː] [øː] [øːː] [eː] [eːː] [æː] [æːː] [ɑː] [ɑːː] [oː] [oːː] [ɤ] [uː] [uːː] [ɤː] [ɤːː] [ɑe] [ɑeː] [ɑi] [ɑiː] [ɑoː] [ɑu] [ɑuː] [eɑ] [eɑː] [ei] [eiː] [eoː] [iu] [oɑː] [oe] [oeː] [oi] [oiː] [ou] [ouː] [ui] [uiː] [ɤɑː] [ɤe] [ɤeː] [ɤi] [ɤiː] [ɤoː] [ɤu] [ɤuː] [æe] [æeː] [æi] [æiː] [æoː] [æu] [æuː] [øɑː] [øeː] [øi] [øiː] [yi] [yiː] [iuː] |
| Comments: | The language content was provided by Anton Malmi and Pire Teras, University of Tartu, in 2026. |
| Sources: | Asu, Eva Liina, Pärtel Lippus, Karl Pajusalu & Pire Teras. 2016. Eesti keele hääldus (Eesti Keele Varamu, 2). Tartu: Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus. Asu, Eva Liina & Pire Teras. 2009. Illustrations of the IPA. Estonian. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 39(03). 367–372. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002510030999017X. Viitso, Tiit-Rein. Structure of the Estonian Language. In Phonology, morphology and word formation - Estonian Language. Linguistica Uralica (Suppelementary Series), vol. 1, 9–129. Second edition. Ed. M. Erelt. Tallinn: Estonian Academy Publishers. |